Water and Environmental Engineering

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CHARECTERISTICS OF WASTEWATER


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Physical characteristics
1.Solids  
       Composed of floating matter, settleable matter, colloidal matter and

       matter in solution.

Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
ØTotal suspended solids (TSS) include all particles suspended in water which will not pass through a filter.
ØAs levels of TSS increase, a water body begins to lose its ability to support a diversity of aquatic  life.
ØSuspended solids absorb heat from sunlight, which increases water temperature and subsequently decreases levels of dissolved oxygen


Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

TDS are passed through the filter. TDS comprised of
colloidal and dissolved solids. Colloids are typically in the
size range from 0.001 to 0.45μm


Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS)

Those solids that can be volatilized and burned off when the TSS are ignited. Volatile suspended solids data is critical in determining the operational behavior and biological concentration throughout the system.

2.Turbidity
       Measure of the light-transmitting properties of water, is another
       test used to indicate the quality of waste discharges and natural waters with respect to colloidal and residual suspended matter.
Units – NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)
Equipment using to measure - electronic turbidity meter or a turbidity tube


3.  Colour
ØAge of the waste water is determined qualitatively by its colour and
  odour.
ØFresh wastewater is usually a light brownish- gray colour. 
ØTravel time of the collection system increases anaerobic conditions develop and colour of the waste water changes sequentially for gray to dark gray, and ultimately to   black.
ØThis black colour is due to the metallic sulfides which formed under the anaerobic conditions.
4.  Absorption / Transmittance
ØThis is measure of the amount of light, of a specified wave length, that is
  absorbed by the constituents in a solution.
ØAbsorbance measure using the spectrophotometer.
5.Temperature
ØThe temperature of waste water is commonly higher due to the addition of warm water from households and industrial activities.
ØTemp. is effects on chemical reactions and reaction rates, aquatic life and the suitability of the water.

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